Title: A poverty of social capital (0:00) And anybody in my view who has a (0:02) smartphone has no claim of poverty. And (0:05) and these kids are not poor. Nobody in (0:08) America frankly is poor. There's a (0:10) poverty of social capital, a poverty of (0:14) of parenting, a poverty of of (0:18) self-control. (0:20) Uh but but these kids are not doing this (0:23) because they're hungry. They steal. They (0:25) they loot uh 7-Elevens (0:28) not because they're they're famished, (0:31) but because it's just fun. You have to (0:33) do three things to basically guarantee (0:36) that you will not be poor. You graduate (0:38) from high school, not college. Uh you (0:42) work in a job, any job. It can be a a (0:45) minimum wage job full-time. And you do (0:48) not have children outside of marriage. (0:50) You wait until you're married before (0:52) children. do those three things which (0:54) are fundamentally about personal (0:56) responsibility and you won't be poor. (1:00) The function of government is to (1:02) preserve order to protect property uh to (1:06) make to create the infrastructure (1:10) underpinnings (1:12) of society so that individuals can seize (1:16) opportunities and thrive. But that's (1:19) government has totally abdicated on (1:21) those responsibilities of protecting law (1:24) and order, protecting property rights (1:26) and has simply turned itself into a a a (1:30) cash dispensation (1:32) machine. (1:42) [music] (1:47) >> [music] (1:52) [music] (1:59) >> I'm honored today to have Heather (2:01) Macdonald with us. She is the Thomas J. (2:04) Smith fellow at the City Journal (2:07) Manhattan Institute. Uh she's one of the (2:10) best uh investigative journalists, if (2:12) not the best in the whole nation. Uh (2:14) it's an honor to have her here. Uh she (2:16) is the author of uh let's see, the (2:19) scourge of teen takeovers. When youths (2:21) are rampaging in cities across America (2:23) and how to stop it, Heather, tell us how (2:25) that topic came about. Uh how long it's (2:27) been a problem, what can we do? (2:31) Well, the article came about because uh (2:34) there was intermittent coverage in the (2:37) media of these mass mobs that were (2:40) rampaging through city streets. Uh and I (2:44) got the sense that the media narrative (2:46) was probably wildly incomplete. (2:49) Uh it's a problem that the media dates (2:52) as a result of postcoid loneliness and (2:57) anomi and the desperate need for (2:59) connection. Uh they attribute it to uh (3:03) capitalism and poverty and and hunger. (3:05) All of which are wildly inaccurate. uh (3:08) on the on the COVID front, this type of (3:12) mob action and I should just state at (3:15) the outset uh this is a racially (3:20) charged, racially tinged issue because (3:24) these are overwhelmingly almost without (3:27) exception, you know, vast majority of of (3:30) these participants, they're black (3:32) teenagers. (3:34) uh and that the media refuses to (3:36) acknowledge that it uses very anodine (3:38) language. Uh you know, teen takeovers, (3:41) youth and whatnot. Uh but this sort of (3:45) mob action of black (3:48) inadequately socialized juveniles way (3:51) preceded COVID. of you know, you went (3:54) back to the Freaknick, which was the (3:56) Black Spring Break uh takeovers of (4:00) Atlanta that became incredibly (4:03) dangerous, you know, characterized by (4:06) robberies, by lootings, by massive (4:08) sexual assaults. Uh, in the in the 1990s (4:13) and and 2000s, Chicago regularly had (4:17) mobs of youth going along bashing (4:20) pedestrians, looting stores, other (4:22) cities as well. Um, and so this (4:28) manifestation of a breakdown in black (4:32) socialization has been going on for a (4:35) very long time. uh but for some reason (4:38) now it's getting a lot more attention (4:40) and the COVID explanation (4:43) is also uh totally specious because if (4:46) it were the case that (4:49) COVID had led to terrible loneliness on (4:52) the part of youth i.e. black youth that (4:56) has created, as one uh fellow at AEI (4:59) said, a desperate longing for (5:01) connection. You would expect everybody (5:03) to have been equally affected. But white (5:07) youth overwhelmingly are not engaged in (5:11) these so-called takeovers. (5:13) And even though they were probably (5:16) subject to more draconian lockdown rules (5:19) by their families from what we know (5:22) about average differences in in (5:24) parenting. Uh and it's also not (5:27) happening in Europe. You don't have (5:30) European youth rampaging (5:34) uh just for the sake of it and and going (5:36) around and and bashing pedestrians and (5:39) stomping on cars and twerking on the top (5:41) of police cars. even though Europe was (5:43) again even more uh fanatically (5:47) rigorous about specious lockdowns. So (5:52) this is something that is not attributed (5:54) to a public policy or COVID. It is (5:57) something that is internally generated. (6:02) >> Now (6:04) you you are you do wonderfully in the (6:06) article and I commend people not to read (6:08) it. Um, [clears throat] (6:10) but these are there's a whole like (6:12) litany of excuses that are brought up, (6:14) are there not? There's like I think you (6:17) have seven different kind of general (6:18) excuses that are brought up why this is (6:20) happening um as well as condoning it in (6:23) some level and um allowing it and you (6:26) know Michael the late Michael Gerson had (6:27) the soft bigotry of low expectations. It (6:30) seems that that seems always to be part (6:32) of this that whatever standards are set (6:34) up if people can't meet it we change the (6:36) standards. (6:38) Well, that was George W. Bush who used (6:40) that phrase and maybe Gerson wrote it (6:42) for him. I don't know. Um, but yeah, as (6:46) I say, there the other excuses for this. (6:49) And again, these these are very violent (6:51) incidents. They're not always they're (6:53) they're organized on social media. Um, (6:56) but they're certainly intimidating, but (6:58) they result in shootings of (7:02) participants, shootings of uh passers (7:05) by, police officers getting assaulted. (7:08) There's over the Fourth of July weekend (7:11) um in in North Charleston, there was a (7:15) female officer who had was trying to (7:18) control this anarchy and there's video (7:22) of still available. other others of it (7:24) get scrubbed off the web of a group of (7:27) mostly females just attacking her (7:30) brutally. She's down on the ground. (7:31) They're punching on her. They're (7:33) stomping on her. Um so these incidents (7:38) are are extremely lawless or can be. Um, (7:45) so people are right to be concerned (7:47) about them, but the excuses for it, (7:51) as I said, it's there's COVID, there's (7:54) also hunger, uh, you know, as if as if (7:58) you go and you you attack officers (8:01) because you're hungry, uh, or poverty. (8:05) All of these kids have smartphones. This (8:08) is a social media generated phenomenon. (8:12) And once the gatherings uh and kind of (8:16) cold riots occur, (8:19) everybody is filming, the participants (8:22) film each other engaged in violence in (8:24) the hope of getting a viral video posted (8:27) on Instagram. Um, (8:32) and anybody in my view who has a (8:34) smartphone has no claim of poverty. And (8:37) and these kids are not poor. Nobody in (8:40) America, frankly, is poor. There's a (8:43) poverty of social capital, a poverty of (8:46) of parenting, a poverty of of (8:50) self-control. (8:52) Uh but but these kids are not doing this (8:55) because they're hungry. They steal. They (8:57) they loot uh 7-Elevens [snorts] (9:00) not because they're they're famished, (9:03) but because it's just fun. The the (9:05) stores are open late at night. they're (9:07) poorly guarded and they can intimidate (9:10) the the cashiers. Uh other explanations, (9:13) Brandon Johnson, the the absolutely (9:15) atrocious mayor of Chicago, uh he (9:18) routinely excuses (9:20) urban violence, and I'm using urban as (9:22) the official euphemism, (9:25) uh as a lack of opportunities. Well, (9:29) yes. Obviously, if you're raised by two (9:34) parents in Streeterville, a a more a (9:36) downtown area of Chicago that is uh (9:40) wellto-d do as opposed to being raised (9:43) by a single mother on the south side of (9:45) Chicago, you do come into life with a (9:49) lot more resources available to you. But (9:52) frankly, the biggest difference uh that (9:56) matters between those two households is (9:59) the absence of a father in the Southside (10:02) case and the absence of a marriage (10:04) culture in that community versus having (10:09) the psychological moral resources of a (10:13) father. And if you're a black student (10:16) and you (10:18) obey the law, don't get involved in (10:20) crime. um graduate from high school, (10:24) maintain a decent GPA, you will be (10:27) courted by (10:29) hundreds of colleges across the country (10:32) who are desperate for your presence so (10:34) they can get their diversity statistics (10:36) up. So this is not a country at this (10:39) point that denies opportunity to people (10:41) who show a willingness to play by the (10:45) rules. Uh and and but because of these (10:49) excuses (10:51) that are driven by the concept of (10:53) disperate impact, which is that any (10:55) standard, any law enforcement standard, (10:58) any meritocratic standard that has a (11:00) negative disperate impact on blacks, (11:02) whether it's a a requirement that you (11:05) actually have decent MCATs to get into (11:08) medical school, if that results in a (11:11) lack of proportional representation of (11:14) black medical students, then the (11:16) explanation is that those standards are (11:17) racist. Or if it's a law enforcement (11:20) standard that says you shall not (11:22) shoplift, you shall not trespass, you (11:25) shall not turn style jump. And that (11:27) results in a disproportionate number of (11:30) blacks being involved in the criminal (11:33) justice system because not because the (11:36) laws are racist, but because objectively (11:39) uh and the data is irrefutable, blacks (11:42) commit rates of crime at much much (11:45) higher rates. In Washington DC, blacks (11:48) commit homicide at 99 times the rate of (11:52) whites. uh those types of disparities (11:55) are typical. Um so as a result of (12:00) wanting to avoid disperate impact even (12:02) though it's a inevitable (12:05) consequence of large behavioral (12:07) differences, we are unwinding the (12:10) criminal justice system. That's why (12:12) these progressive prosecutors are not (12:15) prosecuting a whole range of crimes (12:17) because they don't want to put uh more (12:20) black criminals in jail. And we are (12:22) especially unwinding the juvenile (12:24) justice system in liberal jurisdictions. (12:27) So it becomes almost impossible to (12:30) impose meaningful consequences on (12:32) juvenile criminals. That message gets (12:34) out. Um and again that is a change that (12:38) is race racially driven. Uh and it sends (12:41) a message to kids that we have virtually (12:45) low low to zero expectations for you and (12:50) you can expect to be excused by the (12:52) elites and granted absolution for (12:57) lawless behavior. (12:58) >> Yeah. (13:00) Tom Wolf wrote about this in the late (13:03) 60s, early 70s (13:06) um [clears throat] with the Black (13:08) Panthers kind of being the cat's paw of (13:11) the elites. You remember that? Do you (13:13) know Tom Wolf? Um (13:16) >> Tom Wolf, (13:17) >> but so it's (13:18) >> Did you say Tom Wolf? I I didn't hear (13:20) you. Tom Wolf. (13:21) >> Yeah, Tom Wolf wrote about the (13:23) >> Yeah, it was kind of (13:24) >> the cocktail party fawning over the (13:26) Black Panthers. It seems like it's a a (13:29) standard kind of trope and a lot of that (13:31) kind of plays into (13:34) um this idea that somehow (13:37) that that kind of behavior is (13:39) acceptable. It's that that's that's kind (13:41) of within the realm. You know, Thomas (13:43) Soul wrote um was it white white liberal (13:46) was it um (13:48) black rednecks white liberals or white (13:50) liberals black rednecks on the same (13:52) phenomenon that um whites out of out of (13:55) kind of fear um (13:58) have have no better expectation of (14:00) blacks than some of the fearal behavior (14:03) that was patterned on the white rednecks (14:06) from the areas in which blacks left (14:09) slavery. And so, you know, it it just (14:12) doesn't seem right to me that um we (14:15) should have some different layers of (14:16) expectation, but that seems to be the (14:18) case no matter what. (14:21) >> Well, white guilt is is very deep. Uh (14:24) it's understandable, but the country has (14:28) changed enormously from the Jim Crow (14:31) days, from the days of of informal (14:35) uh petty humiliation and cruelty towards (14:39) blacks. We are not that country now. Um, (14:43) and I think whites are terrified that (14:45) the disparities are not going to go away (14:49) and they have come up preemptively with (14:51) the only allowable explanation for those (14:53) disparities, which is ongoing white (14:56) racism. Uh and as far as the (14:58) glorification of black underclass (15:02) behavior, (15:04) uh there was a tragic (15:07) uh transformation (15:09) of the (15:12) shared black (15:15) uh aspirational culture that you still (15:19) saw in the 40s and 50s with people like (15:22) Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington (15:24) dressed to the nines. uh participating (15:27) in the great American song book uh (15:32) living up to the highest expectations (15:35) of American bourgeoa society and yet (15:38) they were still heartbreakingly excluded (15:41) and not allowed equal access to hotels (15:44) and restaurants. (15:46) That (15:48) attempt to assimilate into American (15:53) culture (15:55) was then became completely stigmatized (15:58) and rejected in the 1960s (16:01) with the rise more broadly of of youth (16:04) culture and the glorification of student (16:07) protest that was enabled by the massive (16:12) affluence (16:13) of American society. (16:17) Thanks to capitalism that put (16:19) independent spending power in the (16:21) pockets of ignorant, self-involved, (16:25) narcissistic adolescence for the first (16:27) time in human history. Um and so the (16:32) corporations, the business world started (16:34) catering to adolescent taste which again (16:38) they the adolescence thought they they (16:40) controlled the world and that they their (16:42) critique of American society and of the (16:45) alleged injustice of capitalism was the (16:47) first time anybody had ever cared about (16:49) seeming inequalities or justice. But in (16:52) the black community, you also had a rise (16:53) of a very (16:56) virilent oppositional culture embodied (16:58) by the Panthers. Uh that said, it's (17:02) over. Uh we're no longer going to try to (17:06) integrate and and win the approval of (17:10) white society by adopting bourgeoa (17:12) norms. We are now set up in opposition (17:15) to it. And that is a recipe for failure. (17:19) uh those bourgeoa norms are not (17:22) ultimately colorcoded. (17:24) Uh they are neutral and they apply to (17:28) all people and they are a recipe for (17:31) success. Conservatives have long (17:34) embraced what is called the the success (17:36) formula or the sex ladder which says (17:39) that you have to do three things to (17:42) basically guarantee that you will not be (17:44) poor. You graduate from high school, not (17:47) college. uh you work in a job, any job. (17:51) It can be a a minimum wage job, (17:54) full-time, and you do not have children (17:56) outside of marriage. You wait until (17:58) you're married before children. Do those (18:00) three things which are fundamentally (18:03) about personal responsibility and you (18:06) won't be poor because poverty in America (18:09) today is overwhelmingly linked to single (18:11) parenthood. Um but but blacks started (18:14) rejecting that and sadly the elites like (18:17) Leonard Bernstein uh a great a great (18:20) composer, a great conductor but sadly an (18:23) idiot when it came to political uh (18:26) truths and relationships uh ended up uh (18:30) glorifying that because it gave them the (18:32) little free song of rebellion and and (18:35) that's still out there. You know, Martin (18:38) Luther King in a speech from 1967 to the (18:41) American Psychological Association (18:43) uh on why blacks were looting, he had it (18:48) it was a a left-wing tinged speech. He (18:51) said, "Well, uh they're they're (18:54) basically doing it to (18:57) upset white sensibilities, and they (19:00) realize that these whites take property (19:03) rights very seriously." that the subtext (19:05) was sort of too seriously and so if they (19:08) can destroy property they'll really get (19:11) whit's attention. Um and and and that (19:17) was the case and we've seen this in all (19:19) the urban riots since then, whether it (19:21) was the Michael Brown Ferguson riots, (19:24) the Freddy Gay riots, uh and of course (19:27) the George Floyd race riots that were (19:31) justified by the media and by the elites (19:34) as an understandable reaction to (19:37) systemic racism, something that (19:40) Presidents Barack Obama and Joe Biden (19:43) never tired of of bashing America with (19:47) the the preposterous claim that black (19:49) parents were right to fear that their (19:51) children would be killed anytime they (19:53) stepped outside, meaning by a a a racist (19:57) cop or by a white person. Uh that's just (20:00) ludicrous. Uh, yes, black kids face a (20:04) much higher risk of being the victim of (20:07) violent crime. Uh, in the post George (20:10) Floyd race riot era in four major (20:14) representative cities, uh, black (20:16) juveniles were a hundred times more (20:19) likely to be shot than white juveniles. (20:22) But the people who are making black (20:24) lives shorter than the national average (20:27) because of homicide are other blacks. (20:30) And as far as interracial violence goes, (20:33) it's almost overwhelmingly in one (20:36) direction. It's black on white, not (20:38) white on black. a very liberal uh (20:42) scientific organization, the National (20:44) Association ofMies of Science, published (20:47) a report led by Bruce Wester, a (20:50) left-wing uh criminologist at Colombia (20:54) that found that blacks were 35 times (20:57) more likely to commit a violent crime (21:00) against a white person than a white (21:01) person against a black person. That's (21:03) the reality. And yet we are living in (21:06) utter fiction (21:08) uh which is that it's whites that are (21:12) posing lethal risks to blacks and not (21:15) vice versa. (21:17) No, (21:17) >> it's a it's a lot there. Um you know (21:21) there's there's so many avenues we could (21:23) we could go down. uh just of (21:27) I I while while you were talking about (21:28) kind of the um you know the various (21:30) terms about this freak neck and um (21:32) wilding and all that kind of stuff and (21:34) this also the knockout game it's (21:36) terrifying stuff really um I'm thinking (21:40) what's in it for them like let's say (21:42) you're in that you know you're in that (21:44) mindset you're a young black male um how (21:47) is this an acquisitive thing you know (21:49) men especially young men you know they (21:52) generally want sex they want um like all (21:55) most young male animals across the (21:58) board, they want they want to acquire (22:01) mate and they want to acquire maybe not (22:03) a mate but you know the sexual act and (22:05) and so forth. Um it seems like the (22:07) currency therein has been so kind of (22:10) devalued that women have taken away the (22:12) kind of the gatekeeping function of (22:14) civilizing men by you know withholding. (22:17) You know the idea is like if you (22:19) withhold to marriage then guys have to (22:20) like get a job they have to clean up. (22:22) You know, I when I was doing my uh kind (22:24) of de- addiction part of my regular (22:27) medical practice, I came up with an idea (22:29) and I made it into a short video. I (22:30) called it porno or the prom. Actually, (22:32) that wasn't the title, but that was a (22:34) subset within this video that men can, (22:37) you know, they can get an orgasm, you (22:40) know, very easily with pornography. Or (22:42) you could go through the prom, which is (22:44) kind of much more of a grooming thing. (22:46) It needs a lot more work and it's kind (22:47) of the avenue of civilization. (22:50) It seems like they kind of have, you (22:52) know, blurred those lines. And the (22:54) women, you know, the twerking, all this (22:56) kind of stuff, the sexual availability, (22:58) it's it's um, you know, there's the (23:01) marketplace that that ordinarily (23:03) requires some civility and civility (23:05) being the essence of civilization that (23:07) seems all taken away. Um, is there is (23:10) there any kind of putting the uh, you (23:12) know, genie back in the bottle or or (23:15) whatever the term would be? Um, is there (23:17) is there any going back? Do we see (23:18) anything like that? (23:21) >> Well, there's certainly movement in in (23:23) some conservative circles uh to (23:27) argue for the absolute essential (23:32) status of marriage for children. And as (23:35) you say, women civilized the male (23:37) libido. Uh the male libido was otherwise (23:41) unchecked. And it used to be that there (23:44) was a marriage script for males. If you (23:47) your hope for access to kitis was to (23:52) make yourself an attractive mate and (23:55) that meant deferring gratification, (23:58) having future orientation, (24:01) being a an employable person, not (24:05) blowing up at your uh employer, however (24:08) obnoxious he may be, and walking off the (24:11) job at the first perceived slight. uh (24:14) and that you did have to compete for (24:17) females and with the uh anti-bourgeoa (24:23) ethic that arose in the 60s that became (24:27) p that that ideal of self-control (24:33) and deferred gratification and the (24:36) female modesty (24:38) that set up uh barriers to promiscuity (24:44) and immediate access to sex. (24:47) Those things became discredited (24:49) and you had, you know, flower power and (24:53) the the free love of the 1960s. (24:57) Um and so now you and and then you had (24:59) feminism (25:02) which disparaged masculinity which (25:04) disparaged males you know saw them as a (25:08) American Psychology Association report (25:11) from several years ago on toxic (25:13) masculinity which basically was meant (25:16) all males like there's not a single (25:19) non-toxic male out there unless he's a (25:21) sort of an NPR uh reporter or or host or (25:26) or 100% consumer of NPR. Um, (25:31) and so this this devaluing of the (25:34) traditional male virtues of (25:37) competitiveness and and you know the (25:40) willingness to take risk uh and and male (25:43) bonding and and obviously male virtues (25:45) can run a muck. They can be absolutely (25:48) insane. They can be self-destructive, (25:51) destroy others. Uh but they've also gave (25:54) us civilization. (25:56) Feminism said all of that is awful and (25:59) oppressive and females can do it all. Uh (26:02) you don't need a a husband to have (26:05) children. And uh we had the (26:09) glorification. I mean the I remember (26:10) Lisa Shiffren wrote an article about (26:14) Murphy Brown which I never saw that uh (26:17) te television series but it was about a (26:21) single mother and it made her out to be (26:24) a heroine and Shiffron rightly said this (26:27) is a very very uh negative augury for (26:32) our future. (26:34) But there are conservatives today who (26:36) are saying no, women should uh (26:41) understand that raising a family is the (26:46) most important thing they as a parent (26:48) can do and males uh should be venerated. (26:53) Fathers should be venerated. But that (26:56) movement is routinely mocked by the (26:59) mainstream media like the New York (27:01) Times. Um, and so it's it's a tough (27:06) cell. Uh, even a lot of conservative (27:09) women have bought into the idea that (27:12) career should always take precedent. (27:14) They go around with a chip on their (27:15) shoulder believing that the highest and (27:18) best use of being a female is to best (27:22) males in terms of salary and promotion (27:25) and position. Uh because they believe (27:28) that otherwise they're caving into the (27:30) patriarchy. I think that's ludicrous. (27:33) But it's particularly hard to (27:35) reconstruct the black family (27:38) at at this point. The rates of (27:40) illegitimacy are they were they've been (27:42) as high as 71 72%. They've ticked down a (27:46) little bit recently. So they're maybe (27:48) around 69 67%. (27:50) But it's still magnitudes higher than (27:53) any other group. And it's still at a (27:55) cataclysmic level. the the cataclysm (27:57) that that Daniel Patrick Moahan foresaw (28:01) in his Moahan report from the 1960s when (28:05) he was asked by uh President Nixon to (28:09) analyze (28:11) uh what was happening with the black (28:13) civil rights movement and Moahan said (28:15) it's going to come to a grinding halt (28:17) any progress that we've made so far in (28:20) narrowing uh the academic skills gaps (28:23) the crime gaps between blacks and whites (28:27) those that progress is going to stall (28:29) because of the breakdown in the black (28:31) family. There's so many black males that (28:33) are being raised without a father uh (28:35) that they are not going to be (28:37) socialized. They're not going to be (28:39) capable of participating in our economy. (28:42) And Moahan sounded the alarm about the (28:46) consequences of the breakdown of the (28:48) black family when the black illegitimacy (28:50) rate was 23%. (28:53) Today, as I say, it's it's hovers around (28:55) 70%. So, things have gotten much much (28:58) worse and the and the consequences for (29:02) black socialization that much worse. But (29:05) the relationship between males and (29:08) females in the black community is very (29:11) troubled. It's very toxic. There's a lot (29:13) of suspicion and mistrust. So, that is (29:17) going to be a tough thing to overcome, (29:20) but it has to come from within the (29:21) community. Yeah, when you talk about (29:23) that, I was thinking again back to (29:25) Thomas Soul, um the [clears throat] late (29:27) and great, excuse me, the current and (29:29) great, the non non-aggenarian out at (29:32) Stanford. Um but, uh you know, he he he (29:35) goes back to the 1950s that the rate of (29:39) um (29:41) black economic growth was at its highest (29:43) in 1950s and it was really kind of (29:45) reversed and stified by the um Great (29:49) Society, LBJ and so forth. And a lot of (29:52) the the plans that were brought into (29:54) being LBJ famously, although was, you (29:58) know, was secondhand, said, you know, (30:00) I'll get I'll get the the n-words voting (30:03) for me for the next, you know, hundred (30:04) years based on the great society based (30:06) on giving money um to black areas and (30:11) this kind of concept that the single (30:13) mother was rewarded. Now, it would have (30:14) been sad in 196, you know, five or (30:17) whatever it be a single mother in any (30:20) case. Uh so the money was there and so (30:22) everyone started to gain the system and (30:24) create even fake single motherhood by (30:27) having a you know even if the people (30:29) were together by feigning being (30:31) separated and after a while it just kind (30:33) of fit in and and so much of this was (30:35) grown that the the the churchgoing rate (30:38) amongst blacks was higher than amongst (30:40) whites in the 1950s and the 1960s and (30:43) the marriage rate was identical and (30:44) everything flipped. if if we could, you (30:46) know, somehow get the tuna, you know, (30:48) toothpaste back in that tube, uh, I (30:51) don't know, could is there any (30:52) possibility on on withdrawing some of (30:54) the the financial incentives towards (30:57) single parenthood and so forth? Is there (30:59) any kind of institutional way of (31:01) tweaking the system? (31:04) >> Well, uh, President Clinton signed (31:06) welfare reform in 1996 that N. Gingrich (31:10) had a large role in Wisconsin had been (31:12) experimenting with work requirements and (31:14) and lifetime limits for welfare uh (31:18) before the 1996 (31:20) bill called TANIF temporary aid to needy (31:23) families. And at the time there were (31:25) people that were making proposals like (31:28) that. Charles Murray was proposing uh (31:32) that you don't get extra cash for having (31:35) more children out of wedlock. Uh, I (31:38) think Robert Rector at the Heritage (31:40) Foundation was making the very wise (31:42) proposal to get rid of food stamps and (31:45) replace it with food. If you guys, you (31:47) know, claim that you're starving and you (31:49) don't have enough food, we're not going (31:51) to give you food stamps that you're (31:52) going to be, you know, allowed to spend (31:54) on buying Coke. Here's some cheese. (31:58) Here's some surplus food that the (32:01) government has, healthy food. If you're (32:03) that desperate, you should want it. Um (32:07) and those proposals didn't go anywhere. (32:11) Uh there was all the energy was expended (32:14) on trying to have a five-year lifetime (32:18) cap on welfare receipt which and uh (32:22) putting in some very ultimately weak (32:26) requirements to participate in some kind (32:29) of community service job a few hours a (32:32) week to qualify for what had been called (32:34) AFDC, aid to families with dependent (32:36) children. Um, and so that era of more (32:42) radical rethinking of our massive (32:46) entitlement system seems to have petered (32:49) out. I'm not aware of any Republicans or (32:51) Trump at this point re-upping those (32:54) types of requirements. (32:57) Ideally, (32:58) uh there would be no payments for single (33:02) mothers because that's a very (33:04) dysfunctional (33:05) social form. Uh and I think cash aid (33:10) should be very limited in all (33:12) circumstances. But at this point, that's (33:15) what government views as its primary (33:17) role, which is to suck (33:20) private dollars out of the economy from (33:23) taxpayers and redistribute them to (33:27) favored victim groups. And what kills me (33:29) is the politicians (33:31) uh pride themselves on their courage in (33:35) expanding entitlements in in expanding (33:39) the amount of money that we spend on (33:41) these programs that don't reward work. (33:44) They don't reward uh self-discipline. (33:48) They simply reward a a claim of poverty. (33:51) Um (33:53) and and that's not the function of (33:56) government. The function of government (33:57) is to preserve order to protect (34:00) property. Uh to make to create the (34:05) infrastructure underpinnings (34:08) of society so that individuals can seize (34:12) opportunities and thrive. But that's (34:15) government has totally abdicated on (34:17) those responsibilities of protecting law (34:20) and order, protecting property rights (34:22) and has simply turned itself into a a a (34:26) cash dispensation (34:28) machine. (34:30) >> So let me uh run a conspiracy theory by (34:32) you. [snorts] Um [clears throat] so I (34:33) I've I've studied a lot on COVID and one (34:36) of the things about China and COVID is (34:38) that there was SARS one back in 2003 and (34:41) then um they worked really hard to (34:43) create a vaccine. They couldn't against (34:45) SARS because there had been upheaval and (34:48) there were actually some riots in China. (34:51) It was not the Twitter world so we don't (34:53) really see the evidence of that but (34:55) people were being moved from place to (34:56) place. other people getting some of the (34:58) the victims didn't like that and China (35:01) put very draconian measures up um (35:04) because they didn't want riots that that (35:07) was a big big thing when they went to (35:08) zero COVID in the year subsequent to (35:10) 2020 part of it is they didn't want (35:13) people rioting over this moving people (35:16) around so they did lockdowns instead (35:18) they put everybody in place anyway (35:20) hilarity ensued but I only bring this up (35:23) because they have a a real instinct they (35:25) don't they understand that riots, I (35:27) mean, that's how the the Russian (35:28) Revolution got there. There were all (35:29) kinds of revolution attempts in the in (35:31) the 19th century all throughout Europe. (35:34) Um, and I I lose track of all the names. (35:37) Um, but you know, they understand that (35:40) these, you know, upheavalss, street (35:42) riots, whatever, can can bring (35:45) governments down. They don't want that. (35:46) That's their real immunity. So, they (35:47) have a something, you know, they have (35:49) social credit score. Um, is so so so the (35:53) conspiracy theory would be this. you (35:55) know, we see Antifa, which probably has (35:57) roots elsewhere and and historically, (36:01) you know, the Soviet would try to (36:02) manipulate on the left um and and you (36:05) know, feed certain things that were (36:07) innate to our society, various racial (36:09) inequities and what inequalities and so (36:11) forth and they would feed movements and (36:12) probably the Black Panthers and whatnot, (36:14) you know, got support from external and (36:16) probably these days Antifa does as well. (36:18) Is there some aspect of this kind of (36:20) street wilding, whatever you want to (36:22) call it, these, you know, uh teen (36:26) you know turmoil that that is is fomment (36:29) that is somehow externally applied and (36:32) is it in any way you know part of kind (36:35) of destabilizing from the left (36:38) >> no I don't think so I I I do not buy the (36:42) idea that um American social dysfunction (36:46) is (36:49) created by external actors or even exac (36:53) exacerbated by them. I think these are (36:55) internal problems. They are the (36:58) foreseeable result of certain economic (37:01) and and cultural changes. And uh the (37:06) black teens who are organizing these (37:07) things on social media, they're not (37:11) prompted by China to do that. This is (37:14) their own uh internal culture. And I (37:19) think it's a copout for conservatives to (37:25) have recourse to blaming foreign actors (37:28) because again this is problems of our (37:30) own making and it's up to us to solve (37:32) them. (37:33) >> No, no, I I I I completely agree with (37:34) you in that part. However, you know, the (37:36) defund the police, the um you know, the (37:40) growth of DSA, you know, Democratic (37:42) Socialist America, the the Shiovalia and (37:45) the AOCC's and the you know, you lose (37:47) track of naming all of them. um Ilhan (37:49) Omar and Rashid sleep, you know, this (37:51) whole movement that kind of came up with (37:53) Obama himself that the police were the (37:56) problem. You know, he had his famous (37:57) beer summit with the Cambridge guy over (38:00) Skip Gates um and whatnot. This this (38:03) this and then was George Zimmerman and (38:05) there was, you know, endless number of (38:07) these situations where our institutions (38:10) of law and order were under attack and (38:13) they still are. And so at some point, (38:15) this old Soviet joke um about the (38:17) workers, you know, they pretend to pay (38:19) us. We pretend to work. At some point, (38:21) the police, you know, as you mentioned (38:22) in your article, you know, they must be (38:24) like, you know, we we just we're going (38:26) to get paid. We'll we'll pretend to be (38:28) policemen, but we're not going to go out (38:29) and deal with this because you're not, (38:30) you know, you're not you're not dealing (38:32) with the the criminals. You're not (38:34) putting them away. So that all that (38:36) stuff, all the kind of social constructs (38:38) that are keeping these kids from being (38:40) prosecuted, keeping them from going to (38:42) jail, keeping them from the schools from (38:44) reprimanding them, all that stuff, (38:45) that's all kind of a kind of leftist (38:47) applique that that somehow, you know, (38:50) what seems to me encourages. (38:53) >> I just don't buy it. these roots are (38:55) from the 60s. You had off the pigs, you (38:59) had weathermen, uh all these radical (39:02) groups that were shooting police (39:04) officers, kidnapping them. Uh and you (39:08) had the growth in universities of a (39:11) anti-American narrative that uh saw the (39:16) US as an almost uniquely colonialist (39:19) power that was oppressing the third (39:21) world. you had the rise of the third (39:23) world ideology that then became really (39:27) um institutionalized by Edward say and (39:31) the whole rise of postc colonialism. (39:33) Uh so this has been going on way before (39:37) I think anybody would think to blame (39:40) China or Qar uh on our for our for our (39:45) >> Yeah. Well, I I I didn't necessarily (39:47) mean to stretch it that far, but but I (39:48) do think that, you know, a lot of things (39:50) you actually mentioned in your article (39:51) and obviously your books, um, you know, (39:53) defund the police and all that kind of (39:54) stuff, that seems to be like some kind (39:57) of weird applique that doesn't address (39:59) the problem. It doesn't seem like, you (40:01) know, if you're in the neighborhoods of (40:02) the south side of Chicago, you won't (40:04) want to defund the police. Doesn't see (40:05) it seems counter to interest of the (40:07) actual people themselves. And (40:09) >> but that doesn't mean of course there's (40:11) a lot of ideology that is contrary to p (40:15) to self-interest but that doesn't mean (40:17) it's ide it's foreign created. It means (40:20) that ideology trumps uh in many cases (40:24) material reality and there are tribal (40:28) affiliations that determine voting that (40:32) override what what for us seem to be (40:35) perceived obvious self-interest. Um and (40:39) and of course so blacks do keep voting (40:44) in uh politicians like Brandon Johnson (40:47) who who who absolutely calumny the (40:51) police. (40:53) Um (40:55) and and he was voted in because of the (40:57) black vote, not because of the (40:58) progressive white vote. But that's (41:02) because there is for one, there's tribal (41:05) loyalties, but also uh there's such a (41:09) dominant narrative that says the police (41:11) are are preying on black Americans. And (41:16) this is believed across the board, not (41:18) just by blacks, but by a large part of (41:21) the establishment, (41:23) that the data is exactly the opposite. (41:27) uh the percentage of blacks killed by a (41:31) police officer. Overwhelmingly, those (41:34) police shootings are justified. They're (41:37) the police are responding to a a threat (41:39) of somebody who's seems armed, violent, (41:41) and is resisting arrest. Those are a (41:45) minute fraction of the black deaths, (41:48) dozens of blacks a day are killed by (41:52) homicide. that's more than all white and (41:54) Hispanic homicide victims combined. (41:57) That's who's shooting blacks, is other (41:59) blacks. Uh but the narrative is that (42:02) it's the police who are the problem. And (42:04) so people believe that and they will (42:07) vote for people who say they're going to (42:09) defund the police. So again, I just I I (42:12) think it's a mistake to look at all (42:17) outside (42:18) domestic (42:20) ideology for explanations for behavior (42:24) that seems (42:26) both antisocial and uh self-destructive. (42:31) >> Right. Well, I I I I'm with you all (42:33) that, but but if we go back to the 1990s (42:36) and and that what's called Freaknik, I (42:38) mean, it was there in Atlanta and it (42:40) stopped. What What stopped it then that (42:42) wouldn't stop it now? (42:45) >> Uh law enforcement, they they they were (42:48) undeterred by claims of racism. Uh and (42:53) they and they shut it down. Uh but it (42:56) merely migrated, you know, those types (42:59) of large spring break riots went to (43:02) Miami Beach and in recent years those (43:06) have been completely out of control. Uh (43:09) again, a lot of sexual assaults. Several (43:11) years ago, there was a a woman who was (43:14) uh sort of abducted, given drugs by two (43:18) guys and raped and and she died of an (43:21) overdose. And they went on with her (43:23) credit cards to go on a a a spending (43:25) spree in Miami. Um, and the mayor there (43:30) has repeatedly tried to crack down on (43:33) order. And the New York Times inevitably (43:36) writes stories about how racist this is (43:38) because the the participants in this (43:42) lawlessness are black. And they say, (43:44) "Well, why aren't they cracking down on (43:47) white spring break gatherings in other (43:49) places in Florida?" Well, it's because (43:51) they're not [laughter] looting stores (43:53) and they're not rampaging and they're (43:54) not shooting. Um but but you know the (43:59) only explanation that's allowed for that (44:01) type of thing uh is that these are (44:04) victims and anybody who tries to quell (44:07) the disorder is a racist. (44:09) >> Yeah. It seems like that's the most (44:10) powerful thing to be called a racist. Uh (44:13) is that is that have has that worn thin (44:15) yet? I mean are people getting (44:16) inoculated against that? (44:20) Well, that was one of my big hopes for (44:23) at least four years of a Trump (44:25) secondterm presidency was that he is so (44:28) clearly indifferent to being called a (44:31) racist that it would uh (44:36) encourage other people to say, "Okay, (44:38) you can't silence me. You can't browbeat (44:41) me into compliance with (44:43) anti-marritocratic policies by saying (44:46) that I'm a racist for believing in (44:48) standards in accomplishment. Uh but I'm (44:51) I'm not sure and certainly the the (44:55) dominance of the uh anti-racism ideology (45:00) has not receded one iota from (45:03) universities. Maybe the the universities (45:06) are have renamed their diversity offices (45:09) who those offices are exclusively about (45:12) cultivating a race victimology ideology. (45:16) There is not discrimination going on in (45:19) American universities today. It's a (45:21) joke. These are the most left-wing (45:24) tolerant of diversity, desperate for (45:26) diversity institutions in human history. (45:30) uh diversity offices are just there to (45:32) justify racial preferences and and (45:34) demand more. Anyway, they're all there (45:37) uh despite Trump. They've just re (45:39) rebranded themselves. Schools are trying (45:42) to hold on to as much racial preferences (45:45) and admissions that they can. We see (45:47) this in law schools. The Trump (45:49) administration is investigating UCLA and (45:52) Yale for racial preferences and it's (45:54) been doing so for Harvard as well. So, (45:58) you know, if if the Democrats take the (46:00) White House in 2028, the entire racial (46:04) regime is just going to come roaring (46:06) back. (46:07) >> Yeah. Every year there's um a couple (46:10) kids across the nation who get into (46:11) every single school to which applied, (46:13) you know, Stanford, they all applied as (46:15) top Stanford, Harvard, Yale, MIT, (46:17) whatever it happens to be. Um invariably (46:19) that's some kid on Long Island who's got (46:21) Nigerian parents. (46:23) Um I don't know if you've noticed that. (46:25) Um it it's the Nigerians seem to have (46:28) benefited (46:30) in point of fact the Nigerian income is (46:33) higher than white Americans um (46:35) generational white Americans. So not (46:38) even like new arises from wherever. But (46:41) the Nigerians as far as the racial (46:43) narrative go Nigerian Americans have an (46:45) income higher than the standard average (46:47) of whites. And uh they seem to have (46:50) found a niche. Maybe they have their own (46:52) credit and and you know, verve and and (46:54) drive and whatnot, but they also seem to (46:55) have filled this niche of wanting (46:58) accomplished law-abiding blacks that the (47:01) local blacks, you know, have not been (47:03) able to fill. So, they it's basically (47:06) been imported. So, the white privilege (47:08) or the white guilt or whatever has been (47:10) applied to somebody of that color, but (47:12) not linearly or generationally descended (47:15) from slavery. It's just kind of an odd (47:17) phenomenon. (47:19) >> Yeah. the Cornell Black Student Union (47:21) protested that fact maybe 10 years ago (47:25) um noting that that the majority of (47:28) blacks that they were admitting were not (47:31) African-Americans. (47:32) Um and Nigerians obviously were getting (47:35) the very top of the population there. (47:38) But yeah, it's it's ridiculous and (47:40) that's true at Harvard as well. Anyway, (47:43) I'm sort of running out of time now. (47:44) >> Yeah, perfect. Well, thank you so much (47:45) for being on. Uh so uh people uh can buy (47:48) your book. Uh want to tell us about your (47:50) book or books plural uh where they can (47:53) get them. Uh does when race trumps merit (47:56) and uh the other ones have to do with um (47:59) the police. Can you tell us some of your (48:00) titles? (48:03) >> Well, when race trumps merit is my most (48:05) recent book and that recently was (48:06) reissued in paperback with a new (48:08) introduction. uh and that deals with a (48:11) lot of the problems we've been talking (48:12) about today. Uh but also looks at the (48:15) arts at classical music at museums uh (48:18) the sort of thing that the Trump (48:20) administration is now talking about with (48:22) regards to the Smithsonian. Um (48:26) so that it sadly remains extremely (48:29) relevant because uh the disperate impact (48:32) ideology is still powerful in elite (48:36) institutions. (48:37) And before that I wrote the diversity (48:39) delusion which is focused exclusively on (48:43) academia and the travesty that higher (48:46) education has become. And then before (48:48) that inspired by the uh Ferguson riots (48:52) and the growing anti-cop sentiment was (48:55) uh the war on cops. And then there's (48:58) some beyond before that as well but I'm (49:00) not going to go into all of them. (49:02) >> Yeah. No, it's amazing. Um, you know, I (49:05) I I knew you peripherally back in the (49:08) day. Um, and uh, you know, were you an (49:11) English major, literature major? (49:14) >> I was an English major and and did some (49:16) postgraduate work. Yeah. (49:18) >> Yeah. It's a funny path. I mean, I you (49:20) may or may not have time to tell us how (49:22) you how you arrived at this particular (49:24) spot. I know law school and all that (49:26) kind of stuff. Um, if you have time, (49:28) otherwise we'll call it a day. You tell (49:30) me. (49:31) >> No, I don't have time. As I told you, I (49:33) I need it's a hard hard break. I need to (49:35) get out. (49:35) >> Thank you so much, Heather. Appreciate (49:36) it. Heather McDonald, City Journal, (49:38) Manhattan Institute.