The Essence of Philosophy
Philosophy, derived from the Greek “love of wisdom,” often falls short of its namesake. In a critical examination, Jonathan Leaf questions the wisdom in the works of revered philosophers like Socrates and Plato– and current philosophers’ lodestars Rousseau and Marx. He suggests that these figures and their promoters sometimes embody Orwell’s idea: “only an intellectual could believe something so stupid.” Leaf’s “Short History of Philosophy,” born during the pandemic and published on Substack, critiques the philosophical canon and challenges its current academic status.
Table of contents
- The Essence of Philosophy
- Early Influences and Philosophy’s Practicality
- Marx and the Selective Canon
- Plato’s Republic and Modern Philosophy
- Bias and Intellectual Elitism
- The Flaws in Philosophical Giants
- Modern Philosophical Trends and Critiques
- The Economic Lens and Philosophical Relevance
- Concluding Thoughts: Philosophy’s Place Today
- FAQ’s
- Related Articles
Early Influences and Philosophy’s Practicality
Leaf’s philosophical journey began in high school with Nietzsche and continued in college. Over time, he grew critical of philosophical teachings, particularly questioning the value of ethics in philosophy compared to religion. He argues that while religious teachings profoundly influence daily life, philosophy often falls short in this realm.
Marx and the Selective Canon
A notable point in Leaf’s critique is the inclusion of Karl Marx in philosophical discourse. Dr. Bock draws an analogy to sports, where merit is more objectively determined. Philosophy’s “top players”, however, vary with time and cultural dominance. Leaf observes that philosophers gain prominence in line with their country’s influence, shifting from France during the Napoleonic era to Germany post-World War II. Today, philosophy’s relevance and the validity of its key figures are increasingly questioned.
Plato’s Republic and Modern Philosophy
Plato’s “Republic,” now considered a cornerstone of Western philosophy, wasn’t widely read until the 18th century. It influenced thinkers like Rousseau, who admired its educational ideals. Leaf highlights the historical context often missing in modern interpretations of Plato, particularly the Republic’s endorsement of an ideal society that indirectly inspired totalitarian ideas in thinkers like Rousseau and Marx.
Bias and Intellectual Elitism
Leaf criticizes the selection bias in philosophical education, where certain works are favored, often reflecting the biases of the educators. He and Dr. Bock compare this to how news is skewed by political bias, leading to a narrow understanding of philosophical concepts. Leaf underscores that many philosophers, despite their intellectual contributions, were often disconnected from practical realities.
The Flaws in Philosophical Giants
Highlighting the flaws of historical philosophers, Leaf points to Socrates and Plato’s preference for Sparta over Athens, despite the latter’s cultural and economic achievements. He examines Socrates’ trial and execution, influenced by his association with the “30 tyrants” who had overthrown Athenian democracy. This historical context is often overlooked, yet it profoundly impacts our understanding of these figures.
Modern Philosophical Trends and Critiques
Moving to modern philosophy, Leaf touches on existentialists like Kierkegaard, who initiated a trend towards personal and subjective philosophy. This evolution reaches figures like Sartre, who paradoxically combined existentialism with Marxism. Leaf finds such contradictions problematic, emphasizing the need for philosophy to engage with real-world contexts and empirical data.
The Economic Lens and Philosophical Relevance
Leaf argues for the integration of economics into philosophical discourse, criticizing Marx for lacking economic understanding. Marx’s labor theory of value and failure to incorporate concepts like marginal utility render his economic ideas obsolete among modern economists. Leaf praises thinkers like Adam Smith and Thomas Sowell, who grounded their philosophies in practical economic realities.
Concluding Thoughts: Philosophy’s Place Today
Leaf concludes by reflecting on the necessity of practical experience in achieving wisdom, contrasting the often abstract musings of philosophers with the grounded insights of practitioners. He highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in philosophy, incorporating economics, psychology, and other fields to provide a more holistic understanding of human society.
FAQ’s
Jonathan Leaf critiques the history of philosophy by questioning the wisdom of revered philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Rousseau, and Marx. He suggests that these figures and their promoters often embody irrational ideas, which he believes fall short of practical wisdom.
Leaf argues that ethics in philosophy lacks the practical impact of religious teachings on daily life. He believes religious teachings are more influential and beneficial for guiding practical living.
Leaf notes that Plato’s “Republic,” now a cornerstone of Western philosophy, wasn’t widely read until the 18th century. He highlights that its ideal society concepts inspired totalitarian ideas in thinkers like Rousseau and Marx, a context often missing in modern interpretations.
Leaf criticizes the selection bias in philosophical education, comparing it to political bias in news reporting. He believes this leads to a narrow understanding of philosophical concepts, as educators often favor certain works that reflect their biases.
Leaf proposes integrating practical disciplines like economics into philosophical discourse. He argues that grounding philosophy in empirical data and practical realities, as seen in the works of Adam Smith and Thomas Sowell, can enhance its relevance and impact on real-world issues.